08/03/19

问答:性别失败使一半的科学人才处于危险之中

Liliam Alvarez独自
古巴科学院秘书,也是发展中国家科学院的成员LiliamálvarezDíaz。版权:由Liliamálvarez提供。

速度阅读

  • Liliam Álvarez Díaz is secretary of the Cuban Academy of Sciences
  • 她写了这本书成为女科学家或死尝试
  • 由于她看到的失衡,她对性别产生了兴趣

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古巴科学院秘书,也是发展中国家科学院成员的莉莉亚姆·阿尔瓦雷斯·迪亚兹(LiliamálvarezDíaz)表示,CIF科学没有利用正在毕业的女孩,浪费了50%的可用人才。

她是所谓的硬科学价值的坚定捍卫者,并拥有物理和数学科学博士学位,并在2016年出版了这本书成为女科学家或死尝试.SciDev.Net问她如何应对当今妇女在科学领域所面临的一些挑战。

What was it like studying physics in Cuba in the 1970s?

当我在1968年攀登哈瓦那大学并入学物理学时,这就像一个挑战。第二年,我意识到我应该学习数学,因为我在与数学相关的科目方面做得更好。但是,一个有保守精神的勤奋女孩,我说:“我开始物理学,我会完成物理学。”

What was the context? Were you the only woman?

No, there were other girls. Those years were very interesting. You enrolled in what you wanted. There were no entrance exams. There was a wonderful student residence. It was a great privilege. In the first class of physics, there were more than 100 students in a huge classroom. When we finished there were only 25 of us. At that time nobody talked about gender.

您的研究领域是什么?它与应用科学有何关系?

In many spheres of science, many phenomena are modelled with mathematical equations. For example, how is the hurricane path calculated? With equations. How was the dome of the Sports City, in Havana, calculated? It was the work of civil engineers, with a mathematical model.

Calculations of differential equations are applied to meteorology, chemical kinetics. For example, if you inject a drug, how is it going to distribute inside the organism? That is kinetic, and it is a system of equations.

Liliam Alvarez en Costa rica.jpg
LiliamálvarezDíaz与最近在哥斯达黎加的数学研讨会的同事。.
Credit: Liliam Álvarez Díaz forSciDev.Net

是什么吸引了您学习科学的性别?

我在1990年代陷入了性别问题,因为我观察到,不仅在古巴,而且在世界上,物理学或数学的女性都很少。我不是性别专家,但我学会了什么是性别,这是一种文化定义,不是由生物学给出的。

我一直对性别使用专家的隐喻一直很感兴趣,并开始收集它们。第一个:玻璃天花板。性别专家以某种方式解释这一点,但对我来说,这是所有女性面临的事情。上面是力量,下面是我们,要到达那里,我们必须击中那个玻璃天花板。

在您担任科学总监的八年中,您取得了什么成就?

我们改变了国家计划,开设了机构,直到那时才存在。我们在学校,尤其是老师的促进科学方面做了很多事情,因为我们意识到,古巴的新一代科学家的创建是通过培训教师而发生的。

我们引入了科学节。我们是古巴的先驱,世界上已经存在的事物:与公众谈论科学的经历。我们用教师谈论基因组学,质子和干细胞。

Despite Cuban statistics where women make up more than 50 per cent of parliamentarians, or 63 per cent of the science sector, there are still obstacles. What are they?

First, in general, in daily life. As I meet with my counterparts, scientists from other countries, I see that their daily life is not as difficult as ours.

第二,工资。生活水平不仅在您的个人生活中,而且是年轻女孩的榜样。您正在与成功的艺术家或歌手竞争。

您在科学领域看到什么歧视迹象?

它们不是很开放,但它们存在。例如,我有一个非常漂亮的学生穿着短裙。我的同事问为什么这个女孩在研究数学而不是在[Havana Cabaret Club] Tropicana跳舞。那是歧视。

联合国教科文组织报道说,STEM职业中只有35%的人是女性。如何反转?

如果科学不利用那些正在毕业的女孩,那就是浪费50%的才华。
怎么能you influence this reality from an early age? You have to design strategies and policies. A Spanish teacher recently told me that she got her girls to write on the theme I do not want to be a princess; I want to be a quantum physicist. I give you this example because we need a strategy from the ministries and then from the media.