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20/04/17

遗传学来增强甘蔗生产

caña de azucar by panos
Copyright: Panos

Speed read

  • Genetics research aims for sugar cane that produces more sucrose naturally
  • 人工调节器目前用于增强蔗糖并延长收获
  • Scientists identify target genes for ethylene, the ripening hormone of sugarcane

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Scientists in Brazil aretaking steps towards genetically modifying sugar cane因此，它自然产生了更多的蔗糖，希望最终提高热带草的生产力和经济利益。

目前，生产者通常通过使用人工生长调节剂或化学成熟者来提高甘蔗中的蔗糖水平。这抑制了开花，从而延长了收获和铣削期。

One of these growth regulators, ethephon, is used to manageagricultural，园艺和forestrycrops around the world. It is widely used to manipulate and stimulate the maturation of sugarcane as it contains ethylene, which is released to the plant on spraying.

Ethylene, considered a ripening hormone in plants, contributes to increasing the storage of sucrose in sugar cane.

“尽管我们知道乙烯有助于增加甘蔗中的糖量，但尚不清楚这种激素的合成和作用如何影响植物的成熟，”坎皮纳斯大学（Unicamp）和协调员的教授Marcelo Menossi说。该项目，由巴西研究基金会FAPESP支持。

To study how ethylene acts on sugarcane, the researchers sprayed ethephon and an ethylene inhibitor, aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG), on sugar cane before it began to mature.
sucrose accumulation.jpg

After spraying both compounds, they quantified sucrose levels in tissue samples from the leaves and stem of the cane. They did this five days after application and again 32 days later, on harvest.

Those plants treated with the ethephon ripener had 60 per cent more sucrose in the upper and middle internodes at the time of harvest, while the plants treated with the AVG inhibitor had a sucrose content that was lower by 42 per cent.

The researchers were then able to identify genes that respond to the action of ethylene during ripening of the sugar cane. They also successfully identified the genes involved in regulating sucrose metabolism, as well as how the hormone acts on sucrose accumulation sites in the plant.

Based on the findings, the team has proposed a molecular model of how ethylene interacts with other hormones.

"Knowing which genes or ripeners make it possible for the plant to increase the accumulation of sucrose will allow us to makegeneticimprovements in sugarcane and develop varieties that over-express these genes, without the need to apply ethylene, for example," explained Menossi.

This research could also help with spotting the most productive sugar cane, as some varieties that do not respond well to hormones, he added. "It will be possible to identify those [varieties] that best express these genes and facilitate the ripening action."

Taken from anewsletter by FAPESP, a SciDev.Net donor,由我们的拉丁美洲和加勒比海桌编辑