蜜蜂损失使全球南方粮食作物处于危险之中

The worldwide loss of bees and other pollinators is driven primarily by changes in land use, land management and pesticide application, especially in the global South, according to a global assessment.

这些发现可能是适应全球政策的关键，以扭转蜜蜂，蜂鸟，蝴蝶，苍蝇甚至蝙蝠的下降。这些对于全球75％以上的农作物和花朵的生殖成功至关重要，在nutrition和经济。

Tom Breeze, co-author of the research, published inNature Ecology & Evolution, toldSciDev.Net：“国际传粉媒介保护方面最大的挑战之一是知道我们应该做什么，在哪里以及如何影响人们。

“这项研究使我们首先表明了在世界各地，对传粉媒介的最大压力是什么，更重要的是，我们从传粉媒介中获得的不同收益如何。”

“It is only when people begin to understand the extent to which their livelihoods would be affected by pollinator decline that they will prioritise pollinator conservation,”

Latif Iddrisu Nasare, University for Development Studies, Ghana

The study was conducted by an international team of 20 pollination experts selected to cover a wide range of perspectives, including biodiversity, economics, social sciences and indigenous and local knowledge.

Through literature searches and analysis, and group discussion, they evaluated the relative regional and global importance of eight drivers of pollinator decline: pollinator management, pests and pathogens, use of pesticides, land management, land cover and configuration, invasive alien species, genetically modified organisms (GMOs), and climate change.

They also set out 10 consequent risks to human well-being, grouped according to their impact on food or “biocultural” diversity,意思是各种各样的people–nature interlinkages that have developed over time in specific ecosystems.

The decrease in quantity and quality of food crops and biofuels was considered one of the biggest risks to humans in all regions. Experts rated the risk of crop yield “instability” as serious or high risk in two thirds of the world, from Africa to Latin America, where many are directly dependent on the pollination of small-scale farming crops.

尽管该团队在非洲将土地管理评估为“不太重要”，但农药在所有地区，尤其是亚太地区和拉丁美洲的授粉媒介下降的“重要”或“非常重要”的驱动因素。

Climate change effects were considered “unknown” because of long-term data scarcity, while GMOs were deemed the least important driver overall, except in Latin America.

不参与研究的英国独立能源与环境咨询公司Fresh-Lands环境行动总监Chbeplay足球体育的微博ris Rhodes说：“这项研究在评估各种因素方面取得了重大进步在全球范围内负责传粉媒介的下降。

“Despite the variation in the importance of these factors between global regions […] changes in land cover and configuration, intensive land management and the use of pesticides appeared to have a universally negative impact.”

尽管减少传粉媒介的三个主要触发因素无处不在，但地区面临的威胁并不相同。

“拉丁美洲面临着巨大的风险，即失去传粉媒介的环境利益，例如支持其令人难以置信的植物多样性，以及他们通过授粉他们所吃beplay足球体育的微博的农作物以及向其他国家出口的农作物提供的福利，” Breeze说。，英格兰雷丁大学的生态经济学研究员。

The results also underscore disparities in knowledge between regions, particularly in Africa, where evidence on the drivers and risks of pollinator decline is more fragmented.

“As a lot of people across the continent rely on pollinated crops for their livelihoods, the need to address these gaps in our understanding couldn’t be more urgent,” added Breeze.

In the last decade, pollinator-dependent crops increased in volume by more than 300 per cent, but their yield growth has been less than that of crops that rely mainly on wind to pollinate, according to a previousstudy from 2016. Although several factors may play a role, studies show that production declines when pollinators decline.

来自阿根廷科尔多瓦大学精确，物理和自然科学的研究的共同作者莱昂纳多·加莱托（Leonardo Galetto，停止污染，保护传粉者并管理土地。”

传粉媒介在世界范围内降低了其在世界范围内的痕迹，在不同地区应对它的能力各不相同。

Latif Iddrisu Nasare, from the faculty of natural resources and environment of the University for Development Studies in Ghana, says the biggest impact of pollinator decline in this West African country is being seen in commercial crops, particularly cocoa and shea.

“This would not only reduce export earnings but will result in loss of livelihoods, especially women who are the major stakeholders in the shea value chain,” Nasare toldSciDev.Net, adding: “It is only when people begin to understand the extent to which their livelihoods would be affected by pollinator decline that they will prioritise pollinator conservation.”

This piece was produced by SciDev.Net’s拉丁美洲人desk and edited for brevity and clarity.