亚马逊迷你水坝“威胁生计”

[[SÃO PAULO] Small hydropower dams in the Amazon are being built without consideration of their harmful effects on the river system, including damage to the livelihoods ofindigenous人们，研究人员得出结论。

循证beplay足球体育的微博环境的根据研究人员的说法，需要进行评估来减轻这种损害，由于政策和规划工具的不足，目前未知的规模尚不清楚，他们的研究人员团队分析了小水坝对亚马逊盆地的影响，亚马逊盆地是最大，最复杂的河流系统对河流的影响。地球。

这样的迷你大坝项目可能威胁到生态系统服务，biodiversityconservation研究人员发现，，以及依靠这些捕鱼的土著和传统社区的生计。

“我们不知道所有这些努力在亚马逊盆地中会产生什么影响，但正在做出重要的决定。它很可怕，”

María Elena López, Federal University of Pará, Brazil

The team analysed environmental licensing reports relating to small hydropower dam projects in the Cupari river — an affluent of the Tapajós river connected to indigenous lands, archaeological sites and protected areas of Brazil. They found that the country does not have policies or instruments capable of properly assessing the potential environmental and social impacts linked to the expansion of small dam projects in the Amazon.

这些失败使研究的作者很难备份决策过程并制定保护人类和环境权利的政策beplay足球体育的微博publishedin能源政策警告。

尽管如此，在过去20年中，激励和政策法规导致小水坝数量增加了五倍，目前有87个运营，在亚马逊盆地注册了256个。

Tapajós盆地设置在鲜为人知的生物多样性热点，在鱼类和鸟类的多样性和道德上，被认为是亚马逊最重要的领域之一。

Eight hydropower projects are planned for the Cupari river: four small hydropower dams to the east and three others, plus one larger dam, to the west. It is expected that these complexes will flood an area of 20 square kilometres and generate 157.5 megawatts across three municipalities. However, there is no start date for construction yet, as the project is pending approval by environmental authorities.

研究人员认为，尽管在项目许可过程中产生了两项环境影响评估（EIA），但他beplay足球体育的微博们忽略了与该地区小型水力发电厂建造有关的级联效应。

EIA是用于确保对可能造成环境损害的项目的可能影响的预防工具，并在批准过程中考虑了这些影响。beplay足球体育的微博

Simone Athayde, a biologist at the University of Florida’s Center for Latin American Studies, in the United States, and lead author of the study, said: “The EIAs have not assessed the potential impacts on the Tapajós National Forest, a federal protected area of 549,257 hectares, occupied by traditional riverside communities, that hosts a rich diversity of fish, mammals and birds.

“Even though EIAs estimate the impact of small dam building on fish populations, they fail to report the social consequences of these impacts on fish stocks for indigenous and traditional communities nearby. In this sense, the licensing process for the Cupari complex contradicts Brazilian national policies, as well as international treaties for the defence of human rights.”

巴拉联邦大学生物科学研究所的生物化学家玛丽亚·埃琳娜·洛佩斯（MaríaElenaLópez）认为，库普里的影响不限于该地区。她说：“他们在亚马逊河上可能会产生影响。”

López noted that一些研究have shown that dams are capable of increasing the concentration of toxic metals such as mercury, contaminating fish which can migrate for many miles and affect the populations that consume them.

“We do not know exactly what the effect of all these initiatives will be in the Amazon basin, and yet important decisions are being made. It is scary,” she said. “If decision-makers want these studies to become truly useful tools, they must seek an integrated view of the cumulative effects of these infrastructure projects across the entire Amazon river system.”

该作品最初是由Scidev.net的拉丁美洲和加勒比版制作的。

该研究发表在能源政策由Scidev.net的捐助者FAPESP资助。