家/性别/Role models

24/11/21

Q&A: We’ve almost stopped mother-baby HIV transmission

Members of the community of Ndevana attending the World Aids Day Build-up Programme
参加世界艾滋病日建立计划的社区成员。版权：GCIS，，，，CC BY-ND 2.0

速度阅读

  • 由全球科学机构尊敬的领先的艾滋病毒和艾滋病研究员
  • Major focus of research has been on spread of HIV to young women
  • 开创性的研究导致了预防剂的发展

经过：Dhashen Moodley

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Quarraisha Abdool Karim在过去的三十年中一直在研究艾滋病毒和艾滋病。她已成为世界领先的流行病学家之一，并为全球对艾滋病毒如何影响年轻妇女的理解做出了重大贡献。

作为南非艾滋病研究中心（CAPRISA）的副科学主任，阿卜杜勒·卡里姆（Abdool Karim）受到了世界各地科学机构的尊重，因为她的针对艾滋病毒预防的开创性研究。

她告诉scidev.net反对这种疾病的快速进展意味着科学家现在已经接近消除从感染的母亲到婴儿的传播，而婴儿的传播约为30％至40％。

Quarraisha Abdool Karim with CAPRISA Staff. Credit: CAPRISA

You’ve been researching HIV for 30 years. How much more do we know now about the virus that causes AIDS, what it does to the body, and how we help women fight it?

艾滋病不可避免地致命，由于因素星座，现在是一种慢性，易于管理的条件。现在，我们使用最先进的药物组合来治疗艾滋病患者。科学家能够开发抗逆转录病毒病（ARV），并找出使我们能够控制病毒复制的抗逆转录病毒的组合。我们没有停止在人类中的病毒复制，但是我们能够控制它，以便他们可以过正常健康的生活。

我们曾经有从感染的母亲到约30％至40％的婴儿的传播率。我们接近消除这样的传输。五岁之前有许多儿童死亡，但我们现在看到越来越多的人达到青春期。

But in terms of preventing HIV infection, particularly sexual transmission, it remains a challenge. When you’re talking about risk that’s related to sex… it’s a very touchy issue. There’s a lot of moral overtones to it. So ‘the science’ is only the beginning. It’s getting it to the individuals who need it – ultimately, that’s what for me is the importance of science.

这是一次更详细的采访Quarraisha Abdool Karim, a leading AIDS researcher.

我们有多近a tool for women to be able to prevent HIV? One that’s fool-proof and long-term?

In terms of science, this is probably the most exciting era. In 2010, we shared results from a trial we started in 2006 to evaluate an ARV-based topical agent – tenofovir gel – used by women around sex, and it showed for the first time that we could prevent infection using antiretrovirals. We also talk about it as ‘pre-exposure prophylaxis’ or PrEP. So that’s something that’s there today and available for women and men at risk.

Most of the new trials are around two-monthly injectables, or six-monthly injections, or implants that potentially could be used for a whole year, or a tablet that could be taken once a month. One study has been completed on a two-monthly injectable, which has really exciting data. So, what we are seeing in the prevention landscape for men and women is a menu of options. But particularly for women, they look very much like contraceptive options.

令我震惊的一件事是，您可能拥有科学，但这并不总是能与言论打击。人们可以简单地选择不相信您的意思。你怎么处理那件事呢？

In dealing with COVID-19, as with HIV, we’re not unique and isolated. But whether you denied it or not, we were vulnerable and the virus spread. The same with COVID-19. It’s a pandemic. It means that globally we all are vulnerable and we’ve seen countries where leadership have let the public down. And the reality is that none of us are islands.

但是也有信任问题。无论是对科学和科学家以及医疗兄弟会的信任，还是对政府的信任，他们都聚集在一起。关于犹豫和不信任等，我们在Covid-19中看到的许多问题与其他事情并不是孤立的。

You wear so many hats right now, what are you most proud of when you think about your career?

作为一名科学家，不仅是科学。人们还考虑教学问题以及与公众的互动；那真的走到了最前沿。我所做的许多科学都通过在南非种族隔离和行动主义中成长。因此，对事物的神秘面纱，确保与您一起工作的人，尤其是研究人员和参与者，实际上了解他们的权利是什么。而且，人们需要就自己来自何处以及如何去的历史记住，这肯定会塑造您。

为了清晰和简洁，这次采访已被编辑。

This piece was produced by SciDev.Net’s Sub-Saharan Africa English desk.