科学家开始利用海洋微生物进行生物技术

[PARIS] The hot, brackish waters of French Polynesia’s lagoons in the Pacific could harbour具有巨大商业潜力的微生物，包括毒品创造研究人员说，或生产塑料的替代品。

The extreme conditions found in some Polynesian aquatic生态系统, which are often characterised by high temperatures and salinity, mean that unique marine bacteria have evolved there. These organisms produce compounds with possible applications in innovative pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

但是，据波利尼西亚人说，该领域的研究仍然不足生化主义者伯纳德·科斯塔（Bernard Costa）说，已经确定了世界海洋细菌的三分之一。

Costa co-established what he says is French Polynesia’s first biotechnology company, Pacific Biotech, in 2006 to develop applications from the archipelago’s marine bacteria.

该公司正在与法国研究机构一起寻找有用的海洋细菌，即法国海洋研究所开发研究所，海洋研究所和国家科学研究中心。

他们的研究重点是探索法尼西亚独特的海洋生态系统，例如kopara- 带有鲜艳的橙色“微生物垫”的泻湖坐在水上，以响应高盐度和太阳的强烈辐射而发展。

科斯塔说：“微生物发展了内部防御系统，使他们能够对极端条件做出反应，通常会产生独特的分子，从而促进这些条件下的生活发展。”

“我们不知道的是，如果我们目前无法培养的99％的生物可能具有巨大的生物技术潜力。”

孤独，技术
丹麦大学

例如，太平洋生物技术发现了一种称为的细菌Zeaxanthinifaciens付费产生具有保湿剂和抗氧化剂的商业潜力的外多糖分子。

It has also identified the假单胞菌Guezennei细菌，分泌一种称为多羟基烷烃的天然聚酯形式，可以形成可生物降解的包装材料的基础。

Costa说：“这是塑料生产的一种令人信服的替代品。”

根据科斯塔的说法，可以通过工业发酵过程（例如用于生产啤酒的工业发酵过程）在商业上制作这些分子。

Bacteria are already used as the sources of compounds in commercial products ranging from drugs to washing powder, but it is only recently that researchers have begun新海洋细菌的生物概况丹麦技术大学生物技术研究员Lone Gram说。

Unique marine organisms

格兰姆说：“海洋充满了海洋环境独有的生物。”由于海洋和土地的条件完全不同，许多科学家认为海洋生物可能会产生与我们所知道的生物活性分子beplay足球体育的微博不同的生物活性分子他补充说，从陆基有机体中。

Gram says compounds from marine bacteria could be used as anticancer drugs, to treat antibiotic-resistant infections or in biofuel production.

根据科斯塔的说法，大约有50,000种来自微生物的化合物是商业生产的，但只有几百种来自海洋细菌。

As the marine microbiology industry is still young, new applications could be found among the millions of bacteria that have yet to be identified, according to Gram, who says that only a small percentage of marine bacteria have been grown in laboratory conditions.

“What we don’t know is if the 99 per cent of organisms that we are not able to culture right now potentially harbour significant biotech potential,” she says.

French Polynesia’s waters are roughly equal in area to Europe, meaning the archipelago could hold a vast area of resources, according to Costa.

“In French Polynesia, we have relatively few elements to support real economic development,” he says. “It’s important that we find economic activities to support a new path to development. Our biodiversity is an important resource but using it as a means to economic development isn’t a clear-cut solution. Over here, the resources available force us to do a little head scratching to find their uses.”