AI impact on human rights to come under scrutiny

[SYDNEY] The Australian human rights commission has embarked on a project looking at the social risks and benefits of artificial intelligence (AI) — a technology whose implications experts say are also beginning to emerge in the developing world.

Launched witha reportpublished on 24 July, the project is looking at the impact of the technology on the right to life, privacy, security, safety and equality.

AI已经用于设计无人驾驶汽车，以减少道路交通死亡和机器人，这些汽车可以进行最小的侵入性手术。该技术还发现在部署的机器人武器中使用conflictsituations and plays a role in decisions that impact public健康,livelihoods，社交互动和人权。

来自学术界，工业和民间社会的世界各地的专家以及政府官员们为该论文做出了贡献，该论文是在悉尼举行的国际人权技术会议上发起的。

“对于在非正式部门工作的妇女和边缘化的人来说，自动化将如何重组工作是一个严重的关注。”

安妮塔Gurumurthy,它改变

Delegates at the conference expressed concern at the possible abuse of facial recognition technologies for surveillance. They also highlighted algorithmic bias, big-data targeting of democratic processes and the problem of personal data being hacked.

“Our project is looking at these questions in the context of Australia, but the same conversations can and should be happening in developing countries,” Australian human rights commissioner Edward Santow tellsSciDev.Net。“我们正在问法律和实践中需要发生什么，以确保我们始终拥有社会利益的技术。”

“In developing countries, the impact of AI on larger socio-economic issues is only beginning to unfold,” says Anita Gurumurthy, founder and executive director of它要更改这是一个基于班加罗尔的非政府组织，从事人权和社会正义的数字技术。“对于在非正式部门工作的妇女和边缘化的人来说，自动化将如何重组工作是一个严重的关注。”

Gurumurthy说，需要透明度在社会福利中使用AI。

“Prediction models based on biased training data sets — for example, household records that mainly show men as farmers — are bound to generate policy scenarios where women’s farm-based activity is not counted. We await a data governance law in India and, based on that, we need effective institutional protocols,” Gurumurthy tellsSciDev.Net.

But AI can also be used to promote health rights. Jake Lucchi, head of public policy and government relations at Google Asia Pacific, cited work on captioning videos which has made audiovisual content more accessible for hearing impaired people.

Lucchi also cited a “deep learning algorithm” that warns of diabetic retinopathy early, helping to avoid irreversible blindness, especially in patients living in countries with limited access to medical care.
人权条约没有规定技术方面的特定规则。但承认这是一个越来越重要的领域，联合国人权专员办公室has published a set of人权principles to guide data收藏。

In May this year, the secondAI全球峰会, organised by theInternational Telecommunication Union, which leads UN dialogue on information and communication technology, had also focused on AI solutions towards achieving the可持续发展目标，尤其是在绘制贫困和在灾难情况下提供援助时。

This piece was produced by SciDev.Net’s Asia & Pacific desk.