10/05/21

开放访问“排除”发展世界科学家

软件:Microsoft Office
一种指控研究人员在开放访问期刊上发表作品的模型伤害了全球南方的许多研究人员。版权:美国国立卫生研究院,公共领域图像。

速度阅读

  • Fees for publishing start from about US$800 and can reach over US$11,000
  • 发展中国家研究人员的薪水从350美元到3,000美元不等
  • 豁免系统“太复杂和官僚主义”

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Pay-to-publish models adopted by science journals ‘exacerbate the exclusion of researchers from the global South’.

Open access publishing is excluding many developing world scientists as complex fee waiver systems fall short, say leading researchers.

The models, which make research free to read by charging authors to publish their work, have been promoted by funders as a way to give more people access to scientific research.

The European Union’sPlan S要求截至2021年,公共资助的研究结果必须发表在开放访问期刊或公开存储库中。享有声望的科学出版商Springer自然宣布it will join the movement.

“大多数出版商都有良好的豁免政策,但并不总是清楚地解释或一致,因此研究人员有时甚至最终从自己的口袋里支付APC。”

安德里亚·鲍威尔拓展director and publisher coordinator of the Research4Life initiative

Yet for many researchers in the developing world, who do not have a grant or an institution to cover the fees, the open access system can lock them out of top tier academic journals.

Bonaventure Tetanye Ekoe是喀麦隆大学I大学医学和生物医学学院的名誉院长,他说开放访问模型意味着非洲研究人员受到了两次处罚。

GDN奖励广告最终确定

“他们第一次受到惩罚,因为没有钱可以为他们的研究提供资金。第二次是因为即使他们设法进行研究,也被要求付款以发表论文。
他告诉scidev.net

提交论文的成本可能是研究人员的薪水。例如,喀麦隆一名博士学位助理研究员的每月薪水估计超过350美元。

The initial cost of submitting a paper to Nature for editorial assessment under theguided open access型号为2,690美元,而喀麦隆的博士助理研究员的每月薪水估计超过350美元。

From January, Nature is trialling the guided open access model as a pilot for自然物理,自然遗传学和自然方法

PLOS期刊,费用从约800美元开始,可以达到4,000美元,而The Lancetcharges an article processing fee of up to US$5,000 for gold open access — which makes final versions of articles freely and permanently accessible while authors retain copyright.

增加差距

Mohamed Hashem, head of the National Research Centre in Egypt, believes that imposing fees to publish research would increase the burden on researchers in low- and middle-income countries as they search for less prestigious journals to publish in.

Hashem说:“发展中国家和发达国家之间的科学发布差距的规模将增加。”

他说,中东和北非地区的研究机构通常会为研究人员发表工作提供奖金,但是这些奖金的价值可能会有所不同。

Hashem说:“在埃及,我们考虑了确定奖励价值的几个标准,包括期刊的价值,研究的重要性以及研究中总结的结果价值。”

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Halima Benbouza, founder of Algeria’s National Biotechnology Research Centre, also says publishing fees will greatly affect researchers in the region, especially with the weak funding allocated to cover publishing costs.

“在阿尔及利亚,科学研究和技术发展局将为包括自然在内的科学期刊上出版的成本提供资金,并鼓励这一点,但是如果无法获得足够的资金,这将不可避免地影响研究人员的工作。我们的地区在高索引同行评审的科学期刊上。” Benbouza说。

她补充说:“我们发展中国家的研究人员通常在必​​须在享有声望的期刊上发表收取高昂的费用,或在较少或没有费用的好期刊上发表的著名期刊,但要长期等待获得回应,从而延迟出版。”

豁免弱点

研究人员说,即使许多期刊都有豁免系统的豁免系统,但由于没有很好的理解,这通常是没有用的。

根据科学家族出版商Bill Moran的说法,2020年,由美国科学进步协会(AAAS)出版的科学进步的36%的作者出版了。期刊。

包括自然投资组合期刊的Springer Nature还具有豁免系统。

“Springer Nature publishes almost 600 journals that are completely open access and have APC waiver and discount policies for authors in financial need,” says Jessica Monaghan, head of policy and performance in the open access team at Springer Nature.

莫纳汉说:“仅去年,我们就免除了价值超过1,350万欧元(1630万美元)的APC。”

However, scientists from the global South say they are not always successful in securing waivers from journals with processing fees.

里约热内卢联邦大学的查加斯病研究员佩德罗·拉格布拉德(Pedro Lagerblad)有两篇论文。Frontiers in Physiology并收到每张纸2,950美元的发票。申请豁免后,他获得了50%的特许权。

他告诉他说:“在生物化学中,大多数期刊收取费用,但在巴西,科学资金已大大减少。”scidev.net

安德里亚·鲍威尔拓展director and publisher coordinator of the Research4Life initiative, says the waiver system is hampered by internal bureaucracy and lack of support for researchers from their institutions.

鲍威尔说,另一个问题是对豁免系统的工作原理缺乏明确性。

Donation appeal

她告诉她说:“出版商并不是故意使申请过程难以理解,但他们并不总是从最终用户的角度看待该系统的工作原理。”scidev.net

“大多数出版商都有良好的豁免政策,但并不总是清楚地解释或一致,因此研究人员有时甚至最终从自己的口袋里支付APC。

“Ultimately, the result is that scholars in many lower- and middle-income countries do not submit their work to Open Access journals because [by doing so] they can avoid any question of paying a fee to publish.”

This article was produced by SciDev.Net’s Latin America and Caribbean desk.