05/07/19

Data tool helps indigenous people navigate their rights

土著数据文章 - 主要
Wampis土著社区的成员分析了秘鲁摩伦河周围的地区,受到石油勘探威胁。版权:雅各布·巴尔扎尼·洛夫

速度阅读

  • 土著Navigator is a citizen science platform for gathering data
  • Advocacy groups created it in 2014 to monitor “disregarded and ignored” rights
  • Survey presented to the EU shows 90 per cent experienced conflict over territories

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The average distance from home to school is five kilometres forindigenous孩子们in Kenya. Often this journey is constrained by other factors: no roads and wild elephants or lions hanging around along the path.

Yet the孩子们are meant to do the same exam as their peers in Nairobi, who live within easy reach of教育facilities. The literacy level among these communities is below 50 per cent, whereas the national level is 70 per cent.

That is one of the reasons why Maasai activist Stanley Kimaren Riamit, the director of the Indigenous Livelihoods Enhancement Partners in Kenya, recently decided to lobby central government for taking inequality data into consideration when determining national policies or awarding community-level grants.

超过90%的受访者表示,他们的经验erienced conflicts over their territories and half have lost land to settlements, land grabbing, resource extraction or other forms of land use.

Riamit意识到他可以使自己的案子变得更好,并要求立法者通过表现出当地的小学被认为是“无法访问”的当地小学来满足社区的需求。

He and other indigenous people from around the world have been assessing the progress towards global goals for sustainable development using the Indigenous Navigator, which was presented in June at the European Development Days (EDD) in Brussels.

Organised by the European Union to bring the development community together, this year the EDD focused on addressing inequalities and “building a world which leaves no one behind”.

土著导航员是一个在线平台,可帮助土著人民(特定地区的原始定居者)通过在社区中进行的一系列调查来监视其权利。收集的信息涵盖了13个广泛的主题领域,例如:歧视和骚扰;参与计划和发展计划;文化和宗教传统的安全;传统上占领和使用的土地的范围和范围。

当今世界上估计有3.7亿土著人民,占全球人口的5%,但他们占15 per cent of the extreme poor.

国际土著事务工作集团(IWGIA)计划协调员戴维·纳撒尼尔·伯杰(David Nathaniel Berger)表示:“土著导航员的目的和使用是使我们进入一个过程,使土著人民能够提供反馈。”“它的目的是记录土著人民的人权和发展状况,这是与值班承担者互动的关键方法。”

“无视和忽略”

特别是,土著导航员监视着《联合国土著人民权利宣言》(UNDRIP),国际人权公约,可持续发展目标的基本方面以及世界土著人民会议的基本方面。

该平台的想法是在2007年采用Undrip之后的,当时Iwgia等组织感到土著人民的权利继续“被忽视和忽略”。

土著导航员于2014年成立,是一项合作计划,其中包括亚洲土著人民协定(AIPP),森林人民计划(FPP),国际劳工组织(ILO)和伊维亚(Iwgia)。它在2018年获得了欧盟资金。

The tools developed by the initiative include a comparative matrix that illustrates how UNDRIP articles are directly linked to other international human rights and labour standard instruments, and two comprehensive questionnaires that can be answered online or in the field.

There is also an Indigenous Navigator Index to rank countries’ performance; and the Indicators framework to detect any gaps between internationally recognised indigenous peoples’ rights, national legislation, and the actual situation in their communities.

但是,这项工作仍在进行中。根据专家在国家一级和社区层面上的土著人民收集的信息计算,数据需要时间来收集。

A participatory approach at a local level has been fundamental in mobilising communities, according to Joan Carling of the Indigenous Peoples Major Group for Sustainable Development.

“Data disaggregation by ethnicity was a critical issue during negotiations [of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development] because some states refused to provide it, but we argued that it is the only way we will be visible and we can be counted,” she said. “Indigenous people are not just vulnerable groups: we are development actors and cultural diversity is part of sustainable development.”

Territorial conflicts

The navigator began to generate in-depth data in early 2018. Pilot phasedata然后,当工具最终确定时,将被合并到新的本地导航器中。

A total of 134 community surveys entered the portal and 116 surveys have been validated and published so far, covering indigenous populations of more than 200,000 people. The pilot countries were Bangladesh, Cambodia, Nepal, the Philippines, Bolivia, Colombia, Peru, Suriname, Cameroon, Kenya and Tanzania.

In results published so far, more than 90 per cent of respondents said they experienced conflicts over their territories and half have lost land to settlements, land grabbing, resource extraction or other forms of land use without consultation.

Another problem is linked to the physical distance between indigenous communities and national institutions. Carling said that many people live in areas so remote that they have no birth certificate and no citizenship in their own country. Language barriers also limit access to rights. For instance, the navigator shows a 0 score on recognition of indigenous languages in laws and policies in both India and the Philippines.

Translated in local languages, the surveys aim to help communities discover their rights and take action. “For us, the Indigenous Navigator is a tool to tell our story in our own way,” Riamit said. “The challenges of course remain: a fast, small grounds-project has generated a lot of interest, awareness and demand for action with really little resources to respond. But now we can speak a language that governments understand.”

The statistics will be used to support the scaling-up of data collection and the preparation of knowledge products such as reports and fact sheets on the situation of indigenous peoples.

Concordia大学教授兼青年研究网络魁北克省教授Natasha Blanchet Cohen说:“这是一种非常受欢迎的工具。导航器的功能是,它提供了一个独特的机会,将来自全球的本地数据与他们输入和控制的数据一起汇总在一起。”

For the next phase of the project, the community-generated data will be used to draw up activities and solutions. Through participatory workshops and discussions, communities are developing project proposals to address the issues uncovered during theresearch.

布兰奇特·科恩(Blanchet Cohen)认为,“伴随着能力建设的组成部分,这种工具可以为世界各地的土著年轻人带来希望,以监督其权利,并为倡导提供更好的装备。”