25/11/20

COVID-19用于逮捕,酷刑艾滋病毒患者的控件

COVID-19限制已被全世界范围内用于攻击和监禁艾滋病毒和LGBTQ+人的弱势群体,而许多人无法获得药物或支持。
COVID-19限制已在世界各地使用,以歧视艾滋病毒的人,例如尼泊尔的Juna*。许多人没有获得药物或支持。版权:Rojita Adhikari/scidev.net

速度阅读

  • 患有艾滋病毒的人,LGBTQ+社区根据Covid-19控制法律侵犯
  • Access to HIV medication restricted or denied as services shut down
  • 没有服务的艾滋病毒案件增加的“每一个风险”

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艾滋病毒感染者已被捕,折磨和拒绝药物,因为全球的共同限制成为歧视工具,这是一项联合调查的工具scidev.net调查新闻局找到。

Juna*, a 37-year-old transgender woman living with HIV, has been trapped for eight months in her tiny room in Chitwan, a city south-west of Nepal’s capital, Kathmandu.

“Since this pandemic started I’m not able to go out and earn money. Police do not let us go out,” says Juna, sitting in the home that she shares with transgender friends. “Recently, I was just walking on the street near my home at around 7pm. They came and beat me so badly and took me into custody.

“ [他们]对我说,‘你已经在向人们传播艾滋病毒,现在你也正在传播[电晕]病毒。”

在世界范围内,当局一直在使用冠状病毒控制措施作为攻击和任意逮捕艾滋病毒的人,尤其是那些在女同性恋,同性恋,双性恋和跨性别社区(LGBTQ+)的人。

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联合调查scidev.net调查新闻局发现许多已被捕的LGBTQ+人都被拒绝接受药物,包括预防前预防(PREP)药物,旨在保护患有艾滋病毒的高风险的人。

‘我会饿死’

十五年前,在父亲殴打她的衣服之后,她逃离了家中的家,Juna搬到了Chitwan。她在酒店找到了一份工作,但是几个月后,主人解雇了她,说她的举止像个chhakka— a derogatory name for a transgender person. Juna tried to sell tea on the street, but no one would visit her stall.

“在我两次失败的尝试像普通人一样失败后,我意识到这个社会没有像我这样的人的空间。然后我开始担任性工作者,”她告诉scidev.net

“我遇到了很多像我这样的朋友,我赚钱,我有一个可以居住的地方,吃饭的地方,最重要的是,我可以成为我的身材,对此感到满意。”

但是,自从尼泊尔政府在3月份宣布COVID-19的锁定下,跨性别者社区面临严格的限制。

“当政府在7月取消锁定时,其他人被允许行动和工作,但警察仍然不允许我们出去……我们将如何这种方式生存?”朱娜说。

“我有很多不眠之夜,因为我不得不空腹睡觉,因为我没有钱买食物。我曾经在半夜饿死。”

自2015年以来,尼泊尔为公民身份证提供了第三个性别的选择,但Juna说,她位于尼泊尔西部的家乡的当局拒绝授予她的论文。

“An NGO came and gave us some food and money. That’s how I survived so far. Even there I had to fight to get that because that NGO was asking me for an identity card to get the money and food, which I am still not able to get,” says Juna.

“不仅是我,奇旺(Chitwan)有300多人面临同样的问题。我的一位朋友最近企图自杀。

“如果这种情况持续了几个月,除了饥饿之外,我将没有其他选择。”

“ COVID-19用作借口”

联合国艾滋病毒和艾滋病联合计划(UNAIDS)收到了有关艾滋病毒服务中断的广泛报道,以及在COVID-19早期回应中“干扰”侵犯人权的行为。

联合国艾滋病规委员会委托八月发行,这发现了对人权的严重破坏,对卫生和社会服务的威胁破坏,暴力,虐待和歧视性的针对边缘化,贫困和脆弱的人口的目标。

“Sadly, it seems that we have not learned the lesson HIV has tried to teach us: epidemics expose and exacerbate existing inequities and impact most negatively on those who are already marginalised,” says Felicita Hikuam, director of the AIDS and Rights Alliance for Southern Africa.

“We know from our experiences with HIV that public health approaches that are not in line with human rights can undermine a pandemic response,” says UNAIDS in大流行的权利,其16个国家对Covid-19政策的评论。

“许多国家的当前回应导致了对权利的严重侵犯,包括与艾滋病毒生活或容易受到艾滋病毒的人的权利,其中一些已经付出了生命。”

The number of people living with HIV and LGBTQ+ people who have been arrested in Uganda has at least doubled since March, human rights organisations report. The在全国各地有100多起案件,其中警察或军方被指控在大流行期间使用新的权力来逮捕,勒索或监禁这些社区。

被囚禁的许多人被拒绝获得医疗保健,包括乌干达首都坎帕拉的LGBTQ+无家可归者收容所的居民,他们在庇护所突袭后于3月被捕。

在被捕的23人中,指控20个庇护所居民与甲氧苄吲酚无视ential directive relating to COVID-19 that banned groups of five from gathering outside, and transferred to prison. After more than a month, the group was released and the charges against them dropped.

居民的法律团队指控这些人遭受了暴力和嘲讽,并在监狱中被拒绝食物,可以使用卫生设施和药物,尽管官员否认这一点。庇护所居民正在追求human rights case against prison and public officials。A second hearing in the matter is due to go ahead today (25 November).

自2月以来,帮助LGBTQ+监狱中的人Rihana Mukasa(Rescue Unganda)的执行董事Rihana Mukasa自2月以来因破坏宵禁而被捕,未能戴口罩或模仿。

她认为,逮捕是由于她是变性者的动机。她说,有一次,警察强行脱衣服,以“检查”她是男性还是女性。

艾滋病毒阳性的穆卡萨(Mukasa)说,她在监狱和病毒负荷(衡量血液中病毒量的量度)时被剥夺了艾滋病毒毒品的机会。

减少病毒负荷的治疗可以有效降低艾滋病毒传播的风险通过性别,注射设备和分娩。

A community health worker explains the results of an HIV test to a couple expecting their first child. Global health experts warn that the HIV pandemic could get worse without these services. Credit:罗比·弗里克/贝勒医学院((CC BY-NC-ND 2.0

In Tunisia, several people living with HIV and people from the LGBTQ+ communities toldscidev.net由于艾滋病毒的偏见,他们被拒绝了医疗服务。

Ibtissam*是一位32岁的已婚母亲,三个孩子。她曾在一个为突尼斯的艾滋病毒/艾滋病患者的组织工作。三年前,她发现自己染上了这种病毒。

Ibtissam说:“由于流行病,我失业了,我已经怀孕了两个孩子,他们出生于艾滋病毒。”

She says while she was recently at the hospital giving birth to her third child, she was shunned by medical staff. Ibtissam and her children have also struggled to access their HIV medication during the pandemic.

“My eight-year-old daughter administered an expired medication for five months over the lockdown period because of stock depletion,” she says.

“由于失去了我们通常的药物的机会,我不断感到头晕和恶心,还有我的孩子。我们被摧毁了,冠状病毒更加毁了我们的生活。

“I believe death is much better than dying several times per day, watching my kids suffering. I prioritise them by giving them my medicine, which worsens my condition.”

Mahmoud*是一名27岁的男同性恋男子,在突尼斯生活了艾滋病毒,他告诉scidev.net他今年曾多次自杀。在大流行之前,他得到了心理支持,但现在暂停了,因为他失去工作后负担不起治疗。

他说,他要求在医院进行心理评估,并得到任命,但这并未发生。

Mahmoud says he has been bullied and told that the pandemic was sent as a punishment for communities tolerating the presence of LGBTQ+ people.

突尼斯医学生艾哈迈德(Ahmed)*在等待四个月的测试结果后,发现他在大流行期间呈艾滋病毒阳性。他说,最痛苦的事情是听到人们说大流行应被用作让艾滋病毒死亡的机会。

在等待五个月开始接受艾滋病毒治疗后,艾哈迈德(Ahmed)24岁,他担心自己可能会再次失去药物治疗。他说,突尼斯越来越多的LGBTQ+人申请以寻求庇护者的身份离开该国。

Norbert Chambu provides antiretroviral medication to survivors of sexual and gender based violence in the Democratic Republic of Congo. Worldwide, people have struggled to access HIV services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Credit:Morgana Wingard/USAID((CC BY-NC 2.0

大流行

“各国以歧视性的方式使用了锁定法,我认为毫无疑问。”global health law expert在沃里克大学,告诉scidev.net

她说,空前的州监视,毯子锁定法和贫困对弱势社区的健康权利不成比例。

她说:“由于这三个相互关联的事物,您有这种有毒的混合物,并且[国家]正在使用法律 - 应该帮助那些脆弱的人群,以使情况变得更糟。”

HIV services that were set up to discretely support people at risk of stigma and discrimination have been dismantled “almost overnight”, Sekalala says.

她说:“如果您正在考虑计划生育支持,那么在某些情况下,由于政府已经反对它,因为他们认为避孕套鼓励男人与男人发生性关系,”她说。

对个人和公共卫生的影响可能是灾难性的。

塞卡拉拉说:“继续艾滋病毒服务非常重要,因为我们忘记的是,这是一个大流行。”“我们在这场危机中学到的一件事是,您必须防止大流行病,并且必须始终如一地做到这一点。

“If we have this discontinuation of those [HIV] services there is every risk that that pandemic will get worse — if people stop their treatment they will become infectious again.”

塞卡拉(Sekalala)说,她担心对特定社区的明显歧视对公共卫生系统的信心以及疾病报告的潜在寒冷效果。

“为此,关注我的一件事是,我们已经在艾滋病毒危机中看到了,如果您以这种方式歧视人们在危机中,那么人们就会在地下。这不仅是为了艾滋病,还将是Covid-19,因为您破坏了对公共卫生系统的信任。” Sekalala说。

“当您以这种方式使用法律时,您确实会损害整个公共卫生。”

*为安全而更改了名称