下一个大流行即将到来 - 现在是时候团结了

The COVID-19 pandemic has ushered in a new era of disease risk as global surveillance systems reach breaking point, while rising meat consumption forces animal species together at an unprecedented rate.

In this Spotlight,scidev.netlooks ahead to the spectre of the next global pandemic — where will it come from, what form will it take and, crucially, how might it be avoided?

我们的记者揭示了农作物疾病如何威胁粮食安全，肥胖和糖尿病等生活方式疾病正在上升，复兴的脊髓灰质炎病毒可能会危害多年的疫苗接种进展，而动物病原体仍然存在危害。

The fragility of global systems, local lifestyles and the world’s major cities have become apparent during the COVID-19 pandemic, which has hit the world’s most vulnerable people hardest. While some may see this simply as a human health crisis, many who work within and beyond health systems are beginning to understand this pandemic’s relationship to the environment, animal health and what the world eats.

This interdisciplinary approach is called One Health. Across the board, specialists in human, animal, and ecosystem health are saying, clearly, that the world should expect more disease outbreaks.

scidev.net深入研究新流行病的潜在来源，并检查幕后工作以发现和阻止疾病，或减轻疾病。

神秘的“疾病X”（用于表示大流行可能来自未知来源的知识的术语）已有一段时间了。惠康的乔西·戈尔丁（Josie Golding）解释了如何science is preparing for Disease X。

随着全球城市在Covid-19的大流行中停止，城市中心应对突然的传染病暴发的能力已被带到显微镜下。我们研究城市规划师和流行病学家如何思考如何lay out the world’s growing citiesto include marginalised communities and ensure access to services.

The world is almost wild polio-free; Africa will likely be granted this status in August, leaving just Pakistan and Afghanistan with the challenge of eradicating the illness. But, inept vaccination programmes have left new strains of polio circulating across the world, and疫苗衍生的脊髓灰质炎爆发could bring back the crippling disease.

疫苗衍生脊髓灰质炎病毒已经在密苏里州re than 20 countries since 2000 and officials, funders, academics and health workers are racing to stamp them out. They have a promising tool in a new vaccine. We investigate whether this vaccine can succeed in overcoming these resurgent viruses, or if the problem with polio runs deeper than any technology can tackle.

In the global South, demand for animal protein has more than tripled meat production over the past 50 years, with milk production nearly doubling and egg output rising more than three-fold. This requires land. As humans take over wild habitats, livestock and people are living in closer proximity, increasing the chances of animal pathogens crossing over to humans. Scientists saystronger biosecurity measures in the global food systemcould help prevent future outbreaks of zoonotic diseases — those that jump from animals to people.

传染性细菌并不是唯一的大流行人群面临的。随着全球农作物多样性的降低和国际连通性的提高，植物疾病暴发有可能降低粮食系统。到2050年，世界正准备养活其预期人口超过90亿人口plant disease outbreak prevention越来越紧迫。

这些全球威胁是重大的而且，面对当前的大流行，似乎是压倒性的。这项工作需要政府，公民社会和商业的各个规模的全球合作与支持。